Community-Driven Digitization of Ancient Manuscripts: Communication Strategies and Organizational Practices in Wikisource Indonesia

Qorib, Fathul, Fauzuna, Hafidlatul, Aini, Qurrotul, Magfirah, Noor Khalida and Elviria, Samia Community-Driven Digitization of Ancient Manuscripts: Communication Strategies and Organizational Practices in Wikisource Indonesia. JLIS.it, 2026, vol. 17, n. 2, pp. 138-156. [Journal article (Paginated)]

[thumbnail of jlis_715_1.pdf]
Preview
 Text
jlis_715_1.pdf - Published version
Available under License Creative Commons Attribution.
Download (902kB) | Preview

English abstract

This study examines the role of the Wikisource Indonesia Community, a volunteer-based organization, in digitizing ancient manuscripts. It explores the communication strategies and organizational practices that help the community manage this project. Using a qualitative approach, the research involved interviewing key members, including the founder, manuscript experts, and volunteers who are directly involved in the digitization work. Data was collected over seven months through in-depth interviews and participant observation, where the researcher attended meetings, recorded discussions, and observed digitization activities. The data was then analyzed to identify key themes and cross-checked for accuracy. The findings show that effective communication, both within the community and with external partners, is crucial for smooth coordination. The community stays connected using WhatsApp groups and Zoom meetings, even though members are spread out geographically. However, there were common challenges like miscommunication, technical issues, and leadership gaps. Despite these hurdles, a strong sense of identity and a shared commitment to preserving Indonesia’s cultural heritage kept volunteers motivated. Regular updates and transparent decision-making also helped the community overcome these challenges. This study sheds light on how volunteer-driven projects can successfully preserve cultural heritage and highlights the importance of shared purpose and open communication in keeping volunteers engaged and motivated.

Item type: Journal article (Paginated)
Keywords: Community-based preservation; Digitisation; Organizational communication; Wikisource.
Date deposited: 15 Sep 2026 05:10
Last modified: 15 Sep 2026 05:10
URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10760/49012

References

Abdoh, Esra. 2025. “Utilizing Modern Technology for the Preservation of Ancient Manuscript s and Rare Books: The Digitization Project at King Abdulaziz Complex f or Endowment Libraries as a Model.” Restaurator. International Journal for the Preservation of Library and Archival Material 46 (1): 35–58. Crossref. https://doi.org/10.1515/res-2024-0016.

Abhari, Kaveh, Chloe Ostroff, Bailey Barcellos, and David N. Williams. 2021. Co-Governance in Digital Transformation Initiatives: The Roles of Digital Culture and Employee Experience. https://doi.org/10.24251/hicss.2021.704.

Ahmad, Rafiq, and Muhammad Rafiq. 2023. “Preserving Cultural Heritage: Digital Preservation in Small Community Libraries.” Library Hi Tech News 41 (3): 17–18. https://doi.org/10.1108/lhtn-07-2023-0113.

Aimah, Rhomayda Alfa. 2021. “KOLEKSI MANUSKRIP INDONESIA DALAM KATALOG ONLINE EROPA DAN URGENSI DIG ITALISASI.” Dinamika Penelitian: Media Komunikasi Penelitian Sosial Keagamaan 21 (02): 220–45. Crossref. https://doi.org/10.21274/dinamika.2021.21.02.220-245.

Arinta, Yusvita Nena, and Emy Widyastuti. 2024. “Accelerating Digital Banking Transformation Through User Acceptance: A Study on the Millennial Cultural.” Maksimum 14 (1): 74. https://doi.org/10.26714/mki.14.1.2024.74-87.

Aris, Ain Z. Z., and Azlini Hassan. 2023. “Enhancing Organizational Commitment Through Effective Computer Communication Practices: A Proposal for Malaysian Organizations.” E3s Web of Conferences 440: 04011. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202344004011.

Badham, Mark, Vilma Luoma‐aho, Chiara Valentini, and Laura Lumimaa. 2022. Digital Strategic Communication Through Digital Media-Arenas. 416–30. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781800379893.00035.

Banghart, Scott, Michael Etter, and Cynthia Stohl. 2018. “Organizational Boundary Regulation Through Social Media Policies.” Management Communication Quarterly 32 (3): 337–73. https://doi.org/10.1177/0893318918766405.

Bell, Emma, and Pauline Leonard. 2016. “Digital Organizational Storytelling on YouTube: Constructing Plausibility Through Network Protocols of Amateurism, Affinity, and Authenticity.” Journal of Management Inquiry 27 (3): 339–51. https://doi.org/10.1177/1056492616660765.

Bruton, Dean. 2011. “Theorizing Digital Cultural Heritage: A Critical Discourse.” Information Communication & Society 14 (7): 1077–78. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118x.2010.542826.

Che Hasssan, Nor Hasni, Wan Satirah Wan Mohd Saman, and Norshila Shaifuddin. 2024. “Evaluating the Scholarly Trends on Issues, Strategies and Sustainable Development of Digitisation of Documentary Heritage: A Thematic Revie w.” Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal 9 (SI18): 247–54. Crossref. https://doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v9isi18.5486.

Chisita, Takaingenhamo Collence, Oluwole O. Durodolu, and Joseph Ngoaketsi. 2021. “Evaluating the Processes and Procedure of Digitalization Workflow.” In Digital Libraries - Advancing Open Science, edited by Sadia Vancauwenbergh. IntechOpen. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96851.

Colavizza, Giovanni, Maud Ehrmann, and Fabio Bortoluzzi. 2019. “Index-Driven Digitization and Indexation of Historical Archives.” Frontiers in Digital Humanities 6. https://doi.org/10.3389/fdigh.2019.00004.

Cresswell, John C. 2007. Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing Among Five Approac. SAGE Publication, Inc.

Denzin, Norman K, and Yvonna S Lincoln. 2009. Handbook of Qualitative Research. Edited by Pustaka Pelajar. Yogyakarta.

Dornelles, Jéssica De Assis, Néstor F. Ayala, and Alejandro G. Frank. 2022. “Smart Working in Industry 4.0: How Digital Technologies Enhance Manufacturing Workers’ Activities.” Computers & Industrial Engineering 163 (January): 107804. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cie.2021.107804.

Elo, Satu, Maria Kääriäinen, Outi Kanste, Tarja Pölkki, Kati Utriainen, and Helvi Kyngäs. 2014. “Qualitative Content Analysis.” SAGE Open 4 (1): 215824401452263. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244014522633.

Estrada Molina, Odiel. 2022. “The Effects of WhatsApp and Telegram on Student Engagement: An Analysis from the Mixed-Methods Approach.” Education Research International 2022 (July): 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/2881404.

Fakhriati, Fakhriati, Mu’jizah Mu’jizah, Munawar Holil, and Tedi Permadi. 2022. “Don’t Leave Indonesian Manuscripts in Danger: An Analysis of Digitalization and Preservation.” Preservation, Digital Technology & Culture 51 (1): 3–15. https://doi.org/10.1515/pdtc-2021-0017.

Fanea-Ivanovici, Mina. 2018. “Culture as a Prerequisite for Sustainable Development. An Investigation Into the Process of Cultural Content Digitisation in Romania.” Sustainability 10 (6): 1859. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10061859.

Fischer, Andreas, Emanuel Indermühle, Horst Bunke, Gabriel Viehhauser, and Michael Stolz. 2010. “Ground Truth Creation for Handwriting Recognition in Historical Documents.” Proceedings of the 9th IAPR International Workshop on Document Analysis Systems (New York, NY, USA), June 9, 3–10. https://doi.org/10.1145/1815330.1815331.

Flick, Uwe. 2018. An Introduction to Qualitative Research. London: SAGE Publications Ltd.

Hadiati, Eti, Diah Ayu Setianingrum, and . Setiyo. 2024. “Information Literacy Empowerment in Islamic Education: Examining the Potential in the Indonesian Context.” Kne Social Sciences, ahead of print. https://doi.org/10.18502/kss.v9i12.15878.

Haston, Elspeth, Robert Cubey, Martin Pullan, Hannah Atkins, and David Harris. 2012. “Developing Integrated Workflows for the Digitisation of Herbarium Specimens Using a Modular and Scalable Approach.” ZooKeys 209 (July): 93–102. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.209.3121.

He, Yan, Y. H., and X. R. Zhang. 2017. “‘Digital Heritage’ Theory and Innovative Practice.” The International Archives of the Photogrammetry Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W5: 335–42. https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w5-335-2017.

Hidalga, Nieva De La Abraham, Paul Rosin, Xianfang Sun, et al. 2020. “Designing an Herbarium Digitisation Workflow with Built-In Image Quality Management.” Biodiversity Data Journal 8 (March): e47051. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.8.e47051.

Hobgood, Cherri D., Ralph J. Riviello, Nicholas Jouriles, and Glen Hamilton. 2002. “Assessment of Communication and Interpersonal Skills Competencies.” Academic Emergency Medicine 9 (11): 1257–69. https://doi.org/10.1197/aemj.9.11.1257.

Hu, Xiao, Jeremy Ng, Shengping Xia, and Yonnie K. Y. Fu. 2017. “Evaluating Metadata Schema for Murals and Stone Cave Temples: Towards Digitizing Cultural Heritage.” Proceedings of the Association for Information Science and Technology 54 (1): 491–94. https://doi.org/10.1002/pra2.2017.14505401054.

Isnah, Encik Savira, Suyatno, and Heny Subandiyah. 2022. “The Effect of Digital Literacy on Language Ability in Higher Education: Experience From a Developing Country.” Journal of Higher Education Theory and Practice 22 (11): 215–22. https://doi.org/10.33423/jhetp.v22i11.5425.

Joseph, John, and Vibha Gaba. 2020. “Organizational Structure, Information Processing, and Decision-Making: A Retrospective and Road Map for Research.” Academy of Management Annals 14 (1): 267–302. https://doi.org/10.5465/annals.2017.0103.

Kallio, Hanna, Anna‐Maija Pietilä, Martin Johnson, and Mari Kangasniemi. 2016. “Systematic Methodological Review: Developing a Framework for a Qualitative Semi‐structured Interview Guide.” Journal of Advanced Nursing 72 (12): 2954–65. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.13031.

Knudsen, Gry H., and Marie V. Nielsen. 2019. “Exploring the Mediatization of Organizational Communication by Religious Communities in Digital Media.” Mediekultur Journal of Media and Communication Research 35 (66): 101–21. https://doi.org/10.7146/mediekultur.v35i66.106274.

Kocak, Seyma, and Jan Μ. Pawlowski. 2023. “Characteristics in Digital Organizational Culture: A Literature Review.” JKMP 23 (2). https://doi.org/10.62477/jkmp.v23i2.7.

Kumar, Srijan, and Neil Shah. 2018. False Information on Web and Social Media: A Survey. 1 (1). http://arxiv.org/abs/1804.08559.

Kuswara, Revi. 2018. “Digital Preservation Effort of Manuscripts Collection: Case Studies of Pustakabudaya.Id as Indonesia Heritage Digital Library.” In Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer International Publishing. Crossref. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-04257-8_20.

Laaksonen, Salla-Maaria, and Merja Porttikivi. 2021. “Governing With Conversation Culture – Conditioning Organizational Interaction in a Digital Social Movement.” Information Communication & Society 25 (10): 1456–74. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118x.2021.1873401.

Lock, Irina, and Ramona Ludolph. 2019. “Organizational Propaganda on the Internet: A Systematic Review.” Public Relations Inquiry 9 (1): 103–27. https://doi.org/10.1177/2046147x19870844.

Marintan, Mega Alif, Qisthi Faradina Ilma Mahanani, and Salsabilla Nathania Arumsasi. 2024. “digitization of javanese manuscripts in the study of archipelago manus cripts at the reksa pustaka mangkunegaran surakarta library.” International Conference on Cultures & Languages (ICCL) 2 (1): 291–304. Crossref. https://doi.org/10.22515/iccl.v2i1.9599.

Masenya, Tlou M. 2021. “The Use of Metadata Systems for the Preservation of Digital Records in Cultural Heritage Institutions.” Journal of the South African Society of Archivists 54: 55–70. https://doi.org/10.4314/jsasa.v54i1.5.

Mengping, Cen. 2023. “Management and Preservation of Digital Library Resources.” The Frontiers of Society Science and Technology 5 (17). https://doi.org/10.25236/fsst.2023.051708.

Miceli, Antonio, Birgit Hagen, Maria Pia Riccardi, Francesco Sotti, and Davide Settembre-Blundo. 2021. “Thriving, Not Just Surviving in Changing Times: How Sustainability, Agility and Digitalization Intertwine with Organizational Resilience.” Sustainability 13 (4): 2052. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13042052.

Micle, Maria, Elena Tîrziman, and Angela Repanovici. 2023. “Visibility of Documentary Heritage Through Digitisation Projects in Romanian Libraries.” Plos One 18 (1): e0280671. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0280671.

Miles, Matthew B., A. Michael Huberman, and Johnny Saldaña. 2020. Qualitative Data Analysis: A Methods Sourcebook. SAGE Publications, Inc.

Mittal, Deepti, Rebecca Mease, Thomas Kuner, Herta Flor, Rohini Kuner, and Jamila Andoh. 2022. “Data Management Strategy for a Collaborative Research Center.” GigaScience 12 (December): giad049. https://doi.org/10.1093/gigascience/giad049.

Mohamad, Bahtiar, Bang Nguyen, TC Melewar, and Rossella C. Gambetti. 2018. “Antecedents and Consequences of Corporate Communication Management (CCM).” The Bottom Line Managing Library Finances 31 (1): 56–75. https://doi.org/10.1108/bl-09-2017-0028.

Musheke, Mukelabai M., and Jackson Phiri. 2021. “The Effects of Effective Communication on Organizational Performance Based on the Systems Theory.” Open Journal of Business and Management 09 (02): 659–71. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojbm.2021.92034.

Nistane, Vaishali Chandrashekhar, and Ramprakash Brijesh Mishra. 2024. “A Brief Review of Digitization as a Modern and Technical Face of Manus Cript Preservation.” Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences 9 (5): 92–96. Crossref. https://doi.org/10.21760/jaims.9.5.15.

Oghuvbu, Ejiroghene A., Daniel E. Gberevbie, and Samuel O. Oni. 2022. “E-Governance in Nigeria: Challenges and Prospects.” RUDN Journal of Public Administration 9 (2): 189–99. https://doi.org/10.22363/2312-8313-2022-9-2-189-199.

Olaniyi, Oluwaseun O., Jennifer C. Ugonnia, Folashade G. Olaniyi, Aisha T. Arigbabu, and Chinasa S. Adigwe. 2024. “Digital Collaborative Tools, Strategic Communication, and Social Capital: Unveiling the Impact of Digital Transformation on Organizational Dynamics.” Asian Journal of Research in Computer Science 17 (5): 140–56. https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrcos/2024/v17i5444.

Pandey, Rahul, and Vinit Kumar. 2020. “Exploring the Impediments to Digitization and Digital Preservation of Cultural Heritage Resources: A Selective Review.” Preservation, Digital Technology & Culture 49 (1): 26–37. https://doi.org/10.1515/pdtc-2020-0006.

Poltoratska, Alla, Olena Garmash, Iryna Marchenko, Олена Гарматюк, and Volodymyr Stefinin. 2024. “Analysis of the Impact of Digital Communication Tools on Organizational Culture and Communication Effectiveness Within Enterprises.” International Journal of Religion 5 (10): 1684–92. https://doi.org/10.61707/zaa7yf77.

Prameswari, Clarissa, Tamara Adriani, Frans Asisi Datang, and Muhamad Prabu Wibowo. 2024. “Analisis Bibliometrik Perkembangan Penelitian Preservasi Naskah Kuno d i Perpustakaan.” Jurnal Pustaka Ilmiah 10 (1): 99. Crossref. https://doi.org/10.20961/jpi.v10i1.85220.

Razali, Suriyati, Nor L. M. Noor, and Wan A. W. Adnan. 2009. Structuring the Social Subsystem Components of the Community Based E-Museum Framework. 108–16. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02774-1_12.

Reed, Nina Petersen, and Julia Hagen. 2025. “Making People Meet: Volunteers’ Contributions to Social Connection for the Well-Being of Self and Others.” International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-Being 20 (1): 2476215. https://doi.org/10.1080/17482631.2025.2476215.

Rosenthal, Meagen. 2016. “Qualitative Research Methods: Why, When, and How to Conduct Interviews and Focus Groups in Pharmacy Research.” Currents in Pharmacy Teaching and Learning 8 (4): 509–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cptl.2016.03.021.

Sadono, Soni, Brilindra Pandanwangi, Hening Laksani, and Danil Kasputra. 2025. “Digital Preservation of Javanese Manuscript: A Digital Asset Managemen t Approach at Radya Pustaka Solo Museum.” KnE Social Sciences 10 (3): 17–24. Crossref. https://doi.org/10.18502/kss.v10i3.17891.

Sančanin, Branislav, and Aleksandra Penjišević. 2023. “The Importance of the Digitization Process for the Promotion of Cultural Heritage of the Republic of Serbia: Empirical and Statistical Findings.” International Journal of Cognitive Research in Science Engineering and Education 11 (2): 221–29. https://doi.org/10.23947/2334-8496-2023-11-2-221-229.

Sidhartani, Santi. 2020. “Mapping the Variation of Visual Character Styles in the Pawukon Illustration.” IICACS : International and Interdisciplinary Conference on Arts Creation and Studies 3 (April): 106–11. https://doi.org/10.33153/iicacs.v3i1.25.

Singh, Anil K. 2012. “Digital Preservation of Cultural Heritage Resources and Manuscripts: An Indian Government Initiative.” Ifla Journal 38 (4): 289–96. https://doi.org/10.1177/0340035212463139.

Sporleder, Caroline. 2010. “Natural Language Processing for Cultural Heritage Domains.” Language and Linguistics Compass 4 (9): 750–68. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-818X.2010.00230.x.

Suryana, Ino, Diah Chaerani, Khoirunnisa Rohadatul Aisy Muslihin, Athaya Zahrani Irmansyah, Setiawan Hadi, and Anton Satria Prabuwono. 2024. “Systematic Literature Review on Optimization and Exploration of Retrie Val Methods Digital Image of Ancient Manuscript as an Attempt Conserva Tion of Cultural Heritage.” International Journal of Data and Network Science 8 (1): 453–62. Crossref. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.ijdns.2023.9.010.

Timofte, Radu, and Luc Van Gool. 2013. “Automatic Stave Discovery for Musical Facsimiles.” In Lecture Notes in Computer Science. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-37447-0_39.

VOA Indonesia. 2023. “Digitalisasi Naskah Kuno: Mengabadikan Tulisan-Tulisan Dari Abad Silam.” Www.Voaindonesia.Com. https://www.voaindonesia.com/a/digitalisasi-naskah-kuno-mengabadikan-tulisan-tulisan-dari-abad-silam-/7111752.html.

Wibowo, Ari. 2023. “The Influence of Government Funding on Advancing Digital Transformation within the Arts and Cultural Landscape in Indonesia.” International Journal of Education and Literature 2 (3): 01–12. https://doi.org/10.55606/ijel.v2i3.78.

Wibowo, Sarwo Ferdi, Alfida, Khairul Fuad, Devi Fauziyah Ma’rifat, Fatimah Zuhrah, and Warnis. 2024. “Preservation as a Shared Responsibility: Collaboration for the Sustain Able Preservation of Ambon Manuscripts.” Preservation, Digital Technology & Culture 53 (2): 91–106. Crossref. https://doi.org/10.1515/pdtc-2024-0014.

Wikimedia Foundation. 2023. “Peluncuran Wikisource Loves Manuscripts Untuk Preservasi Digital Lebih Dari 20.000 Naskah Indonesia.”.Wikimedia.Org. https://diff.wikimedia.org/id/2023/02/21/peluncuran-wikisource-loves-manuscripts-untuk-preservasi-digital-lebih-dari-20-000-naskah-indonesia/.

Wikisource Bahasa Indonesia. 2024. “Wikisumber: Apakah Wikisumber Itu?” Wikisource.Org. https://id.wikisource.org/wiki/Wikisumber:Apakah_Wikisumber_itu%3F.


Downloads

Downloads per month over past year

Actions (login required)

View Item View Item
Contact us
Send email Sponsors
Sponsor: AIMS Sponsor: D&P Sponsor: UniNa CAB Get connected
Facebook Facebook Twitter Twitter Linkedin LinkedIn RSS RSS