the author proposes as alternative to the traditional publication system and values the two complementary strategies (The Budapest Open Access Initiative): - Self-Archiving: Scholars should be able to deposit their refereed journal articles in open electronic archives which conform to Open Archives Initiative standards. - Open-Access Journals: Journals will not charge subscriptions or fees for online access. Instead, they should look to other sources to fund peer-review and publication (e.g., publication charges).