Steps along the roadmap to OA: first steps already taken (e.g. the announcement of the Berlin Declaration together with an invitation to other research organizations to declare their support); raising awareness (e.g. encouragement to learned societies to support open access through permissions to deposit articles in repositories or through the conversion of journals to an open access business model); creating a sustainable infrastructure (e.g. the repository should be compliant with international standards for interoperability such as OAI-PMH); establishing a legal framework (e.g. the organization should make clear to researchers its policy on deposit in the repository, whether mandatory or recommended); supporting open access journals (e.g. support for learned society publishers willing to transition to an open access business model); long-term organizational commitment (e.g. maintain contact with other organizations implementing the Berlin Declaration); examples of the barriers on the road to implementation.