Scientific Approach in the Reign of Buveyhid Dynasty

1- Qur’an. Yusef, 76; Muhammad Baqir Majlesi (1992), Behar al Anvar Al Jame ‘ah le Durar al Akhbar…Beyrut, Leban.

2- The Prophet says: “Seek knowledge even if it is in China”. As the China has been very far from the people, especially in that time, this emphasizes the importance of obtaining knowledge; also: Seek knowledge from cradle to grave. See: Biha al Anvar…, vol. 1.

3- These two books are arranged in so that the kings or Caliphs can get their highest benefit from them. The first book is divided into booklet such as Booklet for war, Booklet for women, Booklet for horses and so on. The latter is named as an unique necklace, which each part has a special name such as pearl, ruby,etc.

4- Gholamreza Fadaie Araghi, (1382/2004). Hayat Elmi dar ‘Ahd-I Dowlathay- Shi'it (The Scientific Approach in The Buveyhid Age) Tehran, University of Tehran. Introduction.

5-Fuat Sezgin, Guftar hay piramun Tarihk ulum – ‘Arabi va Islami( Discourses on The History of Arabic and Islamic Sciences). Trnslated into Persian by Muhammad Reza Ataie. Mashad. Astan Quds Razavi. p. 34.

6-Ali-Reza Hematyan Ishaqi.(1379/2000). Inhetat- Ilmi dar Iran (The Scientific Decline in Iran). Keyhan Farhangui,167-168.

7- Zabih allah Safa(1371/1992). Tarikh Adabyat –Iran (Literary History of Iran).Tehran.

8-Ibid, p. 35

9- Javad Heravi (1371/1992). Iran dar Zaman- Samanyan (Iran In the Age of Samanids). Mashad.

10-Fuat Sezgin, p.

11-Joel Kraemer, p. 19

12- Rashad bin M ‘atuq, (1977). Al Hayat al Ilmyah fi- al -Araq Khilal- ‘Asr al Buveyhi( The Scientifics Approach in the Buveyhid Age). Makkat al Mukarramah, Jame ‘ah Ummal Qura.

13-Joel Kraemer, p.19

14- Ibid.p. 109

15- Ibid, p. 21.

16- Ibid, p. 21.

17-Da’erat al Ma‘arif Bozorg – Islami (The Great Encyclopedia of Islam)(1374- ). Chief editor, K. Buojnordi. Aal- Buyah.

18-A.Hematyan Is haqi. Ibid, P.53-54

19-Adam Metz (1364/1995). Tamadun Islami dar Qarn panjum Higri (Islamic Civilization in the 5th century of Higri) Translated into Persian by A. Qaraguzloo. Tehran, Amir Kabir.

20-Joel Kraemer(1375/1996). Ihyay- Farhangi dar ‘Ahd Aal Buyeh (Humanism in the Renascence of Islam).

21-Gholamreza Fadaie Araghi Tarh un Jadid le Tasnif al Ulum(A New Scheme for Classification of Knowledge). Afaq al Hizarat al Islamyah: No 5(1378/1999).

22-Qur’an. Fusselat, 53.

23- ‘Ali Asghar Faqihi,(1375/1996). Aal – Buyeh va Aowdha ‘ Zaman – Ishan (The Buveyhids and the Social status in their Time). Guilan.

24- Ibid., p. 29.

25- Joel Kraemer, Ibid. p. 112.

26- ‘Abd al Hosein Zarrin kub( 1362/1983). Tarikh – Iran ba ‘d az Islam(Iranian history After Islam).