Las fake news sobre el COVID-19: ¿qué aprendemos de ellas?

Montesi, Michela Las fake news sobre el COVID-19: ¿qué aprendemos de ellas?, 2020 [Preprint]

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English abstract

The health crisis produced by COVID-19 has generated a heightened need of information as a response to a situation of uncertainty and high emotional load, in which fake news as other informative contents have grown dramatically. The aim of this work is to learn how to know and filter fake news without resorting to predefined guidelines or information authorities, by analyzing the fake news recorded in Spain during the health crisis of COVID-19. The sample of 92 fakes was collected from the Maldita.es website and analyzed according to criteria of cognitive and affective authority, interactivity, themes and potential danger. The results point to a practical absence of indicators of cognitive authority, while the affective authority of these news items is built through mechanisms of discrediting people, ideas or movement, and the use of offensive or rude language. The dominant theme is politics (39%), followed by those related to society (33%) and science (24.4). Finally, fake news, for the most part, do not seem to pose any danger to the health or safety of people, pointing out that the harm they cause is moral. We conclude by highlighting the importance of a culture of civic values ​​to combat fake news.

Spanish abstract

La crisis sanitaria producida por el COVID-19 ha generado una demanda adicional de información para poder sobrellevar una situación de incertidumbre y alta carga emocional prácticamente inédita, en la que se ha disparado la difusión de noticias falsas o fake news. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar las noticias falsas difundidas en España durante la crisis sanitaria del COVID-19, para aprender a conocerlas y filtrarlas sin tener que acudir a directrices predefinidas o autoridades en información. La muestra de 92 fakes analizadas se recogió del sitio web Maldita.es y se analizó atendiendo a criterios de autoridad cognitiva y autoridad afectiva, interactividad, temática y gravedad. Los resultados apuntan a una práctica ausencia de indicadores de autoridad cognitiva, mientras que la autoridad afectiva de estas noticias se construye a través de mecanismos de desacreditación de personas, ideas o movimiento, y el uso de lenguaje ofensivo y/o soez. La interactividad. La temática dominante es la política (39%), seguida por las relativas a sociedad (33%) y ciencia (24,4). Finalmente, las noticias falsas, en su gran mayoría, no parecen representar peligros para la salud o seguridad de las personas, apuntando a que el daño que producen es moral. Se concluye destacando la importancia de una cultura de valores cívicos para luchar contra las fake news.

Item type: Preprint
Keywords: Fake news, COVID-19, information behavior, cognitive authority, affective authority, interactivity, civic values.
Subjects: B. Information use and sociology of information > BC. Information in society.
B. Information use and sociology of information > BG. Information dissemination and diffusion.
C. Users, literacy and reading. > CZ. None of these, but in this section.
H. Information sources, supports, channels. > HT. Web 2.0, Social networks
Depositing user: Michela Montesi
Date deposited: 14 Apr 2020 07:27
Last modified: 09 May 2020 15:11
URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10760/39894

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