Comunicación y crisis del coronavirus en España. Primeras lecciones // Communication and coronavirus crisis in Spain. First lessons

Costa-Sánchez, Carmen and López-García, Xosé Comunicación y crisis del coronavirus en España. Primeras lecciones // Communication and coronavirus crisis in Spain. First lessons. El profesional de la información, 2020, vol. 29, n. 3. [Journal article (Unpaginated)]

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English abstract

Coronavirus crisis has caused a complicated situation at a sanitary, economic and social levels, that requires of a fundamental work in communication area so that the society comprise and collaborate with the adopted measures. Through the review and synthesis of the scientific and reference literature, the present paper contrasts lessons learnt in previous public health crisis against the communication implemented from the institutional voices and from the press coverage during the first stages of the Covid-19 outbreak in Spain. This paper detects that the absence of an early announcement (or overtaking of the negative stage) and the control messages in a context of uncertainty caused a brusque transition to the following stage of the crisis, coincident with an explosion of the number of contagions, what generated fear. The spokesperson formula applied is against all recommendations of crisis communication. Regarding the journalistic coverage, examples of alarmism and sensationalism news arised. The numeric data have been the resource more valuable and the computer graphics the multimedia content more developed. Since the pandemic is still on course, it is recommended the learning and the adjustment of the communication and information to the citizens in the following stages of this crisis or in future crisis taking into account the group of first lessons presented here.

Spanish abstract

La crisis del coronavirus ha generado una complicada situación a nivel sanitario, económico y social, que requiere de una labor de comunicación fundamental para que la sociedad comprenda y colabore con las medidas adoptadas. A través de la revisión y síntesis de la bibliografía científica y de referencia, el presente trabajo contrapone lecciones aprendidas en crisis de salud pública previas con la comunicación efectuada desde las voces institucionales y desde la cobertura de prensa durante las primeras etapas de la crisis del Covid-19 en España. Se detecta que la ausencia de un anuncio temprano (o adelantamiento del escenario negativo) y los mensajes de control en un contexto de incertidumbre provocaron una transición brusca a la siguiente etapa de la crisis, coincidente con una explosión en el número de contagios, lo que generó miedo. La fórmula de portavocía adoptada incumple toda recomendación de comunicación de crisis. En cuanto a la cobertura periodística, se localizan ejemplos de alarmismo y de sensacionalismo en el tratamiento informativo de la pandemia. Los datos numéricos han sido el recurso informativo más valioso y las infografías el contenido multimedia más desarrollado. Dado que la pandemia se encuentra todavía en curso, se recomienda el aprendizaje y la corrección de la comunicación e información a los ciudadanos en base a este conjunto de primeras lecciones en las etapas siguientes o futuras crisis.

Item type: Journal article (Unpaginated)
Keywords: Coronavirus; Covid-19; Pandemics; Public health crisis; Health crisis; Crisis communication; Risk Communication; Institutional communication; Health; Press; Press coverage; Scientific communication; Coronavirus; Covid-19; Pandemias; Crisis de salud pública; Crisis sanitarias; Comunicación de crisis; Comunicación de riesgos; Comunicación institucional; Salud; Prensa; Cobertura periodística; Comunicación científica.
Subjects: B. Information use and sociology of information
H. Information sources, supports, channels. > HT. Web 2.0, Social networks
Depositing user: Tomàs Baiget
Date deposited: 09 May 2020 12:53
Last modified: 09 May 2020 15:08
URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10760/39945

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