Artificial Intelligence-based Voice Assistants as Social Media Platform: Anticipated Effect on Brands During Shopping

Mari, Alex Artificial Intelligence-based Voice Assistants as Social Media Platform: Anticipated Effect on Brands During Shopping. Journal of Creative Industries and Cultural Studies - JOCIS, 2022, n. 6, pp. 57-71. [Journal article (Paginated)]

[img]
Preview
Text (Research article)
JOCIS_6_Mari.pdf - Published version
Available under License Creative Commons Attribution.

Download (191kB) | Preview

English abstract

Artificial intelligence (AI) technologies enable voice assistants (VA) such as Amazon Alexa and Alibaba Genie to perform activities that resemble cognitive functions associated with the human mind (Norvig, 2011). While performing complex tasks with consumers, VAs become more human-like exchange partners. As these AI-enabled devices learn consumer preferences and habits, they introduce biases and heuristics likely to affect individual and collective shopping behavior while posing new opportunities and threats for managers. Why should managers monitor the rapid diffusion of this novel ‘social media’ platform? What are the anticipated consequences for brands in the shopping context? This interpretative study uses in-depth interviews with elite informants (N = 31) to address these questions. Executives and experts predict that VAs assume a central relational role in the consumer market and progressively mediate market interactions. Simultaneously, they expect VA’s intrinsic social nature to influence consumption decisions increasingly. These fast-changing market dynamics within the context of voice commerce may have severe consequences for consumer brands. The main identified threats for managers and their implications are discussed.

Item type: Journal article (Paginated)
Keywords: Voice assistant, social media, voice commerce, brand management, platform ecosystem.
Subjects: B. Information use and sociology of information > BJ. Communication
G. Industry, profession and education. > GB. Software industry.
H. Information sources, supports, channels. > HT. Web 2.0, Social networks
Depositing user: Dr. Nicoleta-Roxana Dinu
Date deposited: 24 Jun 2022 07:57
Last modified: 24 Jun 2022 07:57
URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10760/43315

References

Abdollahpouri, H., Adomavicius, G., Burke, R., Guy, I., Jannach, D., Kamishima, T., Krasnodebski, J., & Pizzato, L. (2020). Beyond Personalization: Research Directions in Multistakeholder Recommendation. User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction, 30(1), 127–158.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s11257-019-09256-1

Ammari, T., Kaye, J., Tsai, J. Y., & Bentley, F. (2019). Music, Search, and IoT: How People (Really) Use Voice Assistants. ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction, 26(3), 17:1-17:28.

https://doi.org/10.1145/3311956

André, Q., Carmon, Z., Wertenbroch, K., Crum, A., Frank, D., Goldstein, W., Huber, J., Van Boven, L., Weber, B. and Yang, H. (2018). Consumer choice and autonomy in the age of artificial intelligence and big data. Customer Needs and Solutions, 5(1-2), pp.28-37.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s40547-017-0085-8

Araujo, T. (2018). Living up to the chatbot hype: The influence of anthropomorphic design cues and communicative agency framing on conversational agent and company perceptions.Computers in Human Behavior, 85, 183–189.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2018.03.051

Aronovitch, C. D. (1976). The Voice of Personality: Stereotyped Judgments and their Relation to Voice Quality and Sex of Speaker. The Journal of Social Psychology, 99(2), 207–220.

https://doi.org/10.1080/00224545.1976.9924774

Avis, M. (2003). Do we need methodological theory to do qualitative research?. Qualitative health research, 13(7), 995-1004.

Chérif, E., & Lemoine, J.-F. (2019). Anthropomorphic virtual assistants and the reactions of Internet users: An experiment on the assistant’s voice. Recherche et Applications En Marketing (English Edition), 34(1), 28–47.

https://doi.org/10.1177/2051570719829432

Cheris, A., Rigby, D., & Tager, S. (2017). Dreaming of an Amazon Christmas? Bain & Company. Avalable at: https://www.bain.com/insights/retail-holiday-newsletter-2017-issue-2 (Accessed: 3 August 2020).

Colleoni, E., Rozza, A., & Arvidsson, A. (2014). Echo Chamber or Public Sphere? Predicting Political Orientation and Measuring Political Homophily in Twitter Using Big Data. Journal of Communication, 64(2), 317–332.

https://doi.org/10.1111/jcom.12084

Corbin, J. M., & Strauss, A. (1990). Grounded theory research: Procedures, canons, and evaluative criteria. Qualitative sociology, 13(1), 3-21.

Davenport, T., Guha, A., Grewal, D., & Bressgott, T. (2020). How artificial intelligence will change the future of marketing. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 48(1), 24–42.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-019-00696-0

Dawar, N., & Bendle, N. (2018). Marketing in the age of Alexa. Harvard Business Review, 96(3), 80–86.

Dellaert, B. G. C., Shu, S. B., Arentze, T. A., Baker, T., Diehl, K., Donkers, B., Fast, N. J., Häubl, G., Johnson, H., Karmarkar, U. R., Oppewal, H., Schmitt, B. H., Schroeder, J., Spiller, S. A., & Steffel, M. (2020). Consumer decisions with artificially intelligent voice assistants. Marketing Letters, 31(4), 335–347.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s11002-020-09537-5

eMarketer (2019). Which Select Activities Have US Smart Speaker Owners Done on Their Smart Speakers. Available

https: //www.emarketer.com/chart/230338/

Gao, F. (2019). Use New Alexa Emotions and Speaking Styles to Create a More Natural and Intuitive Voice Experience. Available at:

https://developer.amazon.com/en-US/blogs/alexa

Gao, F. (2020). Create Engaging Voice Experiences with a New Alexa Speaking Style, Speaking Styles in Amazon Polly Voices and Additional Polly Voices. https://developer.amazon.com/en-US/blogs/alexa

Gefen, D., & Straub, D. W. (2004). Consumer trust in B2C e-Commerce and the importance of social presence: Experiments in e-Products and e-Services. Omega, 32(6), 407–424.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.omega.2004.01.006

Giles, H. (1970). Evaluative Reactions to Accents. Educational Review, 22(3), 211–227.

https://doi.org/10.1080/0013191700220301

Glaser, B. G., & Strauss, A. L. (2017). Discovery of grounded theory: Strategies for qualitative research. Routledge.

Go, E., & Sundar, S. S. (2019). Humanizing chatbots: The effects of visual, identity and conversational cues on humanness perceptions. Computers in Human Behavior, 97, 304–316.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2019.01.020

Han, S., & Yang, H. (2018). Understanding adoption of intelligent personal assistants: A parasocial relationship perspective. Industrial Management & Data Systems, 118(3), 618–636.

https://doi.org/10.1108/IMDS-05-2017-0214

Hansen, J. H. L. (1996). Analysis and compensation of speech under stress and noise for environmental robustness in speech recognition. Speech Communication, 20(1), 151–173.

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-6393(96)00050-7

Holzwarth, M., Janiszewski, C., & Neumann, M. M. (2006). The Influence of Avatars on Online Consumer Shopping Behavior. Journal of Marketing, 70(4), 19–36.

https://doi.org/10.1509/jmkg.70.4.019

Hoy, M. B. (2018). Alexa, Siri, Cortana, and More: An Introduction to Voice Assistants. Medical Reference Services Quarterly, 37(1), 81–88.

https://doi.org/10.1080/02763869.2018.1404391

Huang, M.-H., & Rust, R. T. (2018). Artificial Intelligence in Service. Journal of Service Research, 21(2), 155–172.

https://doi.org/10.1177/1094670517752459

IAB & PWC (2019). IAB Internet Advertising Revenue Report 2018 Full Year Results. Available at:

https://www.iab.com/insights/iab-internet-advertising-revenue-report-2018-full-year-results

Ishowo-Oloko, F., Bonnefon, J.F., Soroye, Z., Crandall, J., Rahwan, I. and Rahwan, T. (2019). Behavioural evidence for a transparency–efficiency tradeoff in human–machine cooperation. Nature Machine Intelligence, 1(11), pp.517-521.

https://doi.org/10.1038/s42256-019-0113-5

Jeffrey, R. C. (1974). Preference among preferences. The Journal of Philosophy, 71(13), 377-391.

Knote, R., Janson, A., Söllner, M., & Leimeister, J. M. (2019). Classifying Smart Personal Assistants: An Empirical Cluster Analysis. Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS), Maui, Hawaii, USA.

https://www.alexandria.unisg.ch/255501/

Kumar, V., Dixit, A., Javalgi, R. (Raj) G., & Dass, M. (2016). Research framework, strategies, and applications of intelligent agent technologies (IATs) in marketing. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 44(1), 24–45.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-015-0426-9

Labecki, A. J., Klaus, P., & Zaichkowsky, J. L. (2018). How Bots Have Taken over Brand Choice Decisions.

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02683-7_72

Lee, S., & Choi, J. (2017). Enhancing user experience with conversational agent for movie recommendation. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 103(C), 95–105.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhcs.2017.02.005

Lester, J. C., Converse, S. A., Kahler, S. E., Barlow, S. T., Stone, B. A., & Bhogal, R. S. (1997). The persona effect: Affective impact of animated pedagogical agents. Proceedings of the ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 359–366.

https://doi.org/10.1145/258549.258797

Lu, B., Fan, W., & Zhou, M. (2016). Social presence, trust, and social commerce purchase intention: An empirical research. Computers in Human Behavior, 56, 225–237.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.11.057

Mandelli, A. (2018). Intelligenza artificiale e marketing. Agenti invisibili, esperienza, valore e business. EGEA.

Mari, A., & Algesheimer, R. (2021a). The Role of Trusting Beliefs in Voice Assistants during Voice Shopping (p. 4073).

https://doi.org/10.24251/HICSS.2021.495

Mari, A., & Algesheimer, R. (2021b). AI-based Voice Assistants for Digital Marketing: Preparing for Voice Marketing and Commerce. In Contemporary issues in Digital Marketing. Routledge.

Mari, A., Mandelli, A., & Algesheimer, R. (2020). The Evolution of Marketing in the Context of Voice Commerce: A Managerial Perspective. In F. F.-H. Nah & K. Siau (Eds.), HCI in Business, Government and Organizations (pp. 405–425). Springer International Publishing.

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50341-3_32

McLean, G., Osei-Frimpong, K., & Barhorst, J. (2021). Alexa, do voice assistants influence consumer brand engagement? – Examining the role of AI powered voice assistants in influencing consumer brand engagement. Journal of Business Research, 124, 312–328.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.11.045

Nass, C. I., & Brave, S. (2005). Wired for speech: How voice activates and advances the human-computer relationship (p. 9). Cambridge, MA: MIT press.

Nass, C., & Gong, L. (2000). Speech interfaces from an evolutionary perspective. Communications of the ACM, 43(9), 36–43.

https://doi.org/10.1145/348941.348976

Nass, C., & Moon, Y. (2000). Machines and Mindlessness: Social Responses to Computers. Journal of Social Issues, 56(1), 81–103.

https://doi.org/10.1111/0022-4537.00153

Nass, C., & Steuer, J. (1993). Voices, Boxes, and Sources of Messages: Computers and Social Actors. Human Communication Research, 19(4), 504–527.

https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2958.1993.tb00311.x

Neff, J. (2016). Amazon’s private labels already dominate battery and speaker sales online. AdAge. Available at:

https://adage.com/article/digital/amazon-private-label-dominates-batteries-speakers/306602

Norvig, S. R. (2011). Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach, Global Edition (3rd edition). Pearson. Olshavsky, R. W., & Granbois, D. H. (1979). Consumer Decision Making-Fact or Fiction? Journal of Consumer Research, 6(2), 93–100.

Qiu, L., & Benbasat, I. (2009). Evaluating Anthropomorphic Product Recommendation Agents: A Social Relationship Perspective to Designing Information Systems. Journal of Management Information Systems, 25(4), 145–182.

https://doi.org/10.2753/MIS0742-1222250405

Quelch, J. A., & Harding, D. (1996). Brands versus private labels: Fighting to win. Harvard Business Review, 74(1), 99-109.

Rahwan, I., Cebrian, M., Obradovich, N., Bongard, J., Bonnefon, J.-F., Breazeal, C., Crandall, J. W., Christakis, N. A., Couzin, I. D., Jackson, M. O., Jennings, N. R., Kamar, E., Kloumann, I. M., Larochelle, H., Lazer, D., McElreath, R., Mislove, A., Parkes, D. C., Pentland, A. “Sandy,” … Wellman, M. (2019). Machine behaviour. Nature, 568(7753), 477–486.

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1138-y

Reeves, B., & Nass, C. (1996). The media equation: How people treat computers, television, and new media like real people. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge university press.

Rhee, C. E., & Choi, J. (2020). Effects of personalization and social role in voice shopping: An experimental study on product recommendation by a conversational voice agent. Computers in Human Behavior, 109, 106359.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2020.106359

Ram, A., Prasad, R., Khatri, C., Venkatesh, A., Gabriel, R., Liu, Q., Nunn, J., Hedayatnia, B., Cheng, M., Nagar, A. and King, E. (2018). Conversational ai: The science behind the alexa prize. arXiv preprint arXiv:1801.03604.

Sarikaya, R. (2017). The Technology Behind Personal Digital Assistants: An overview of the system architecture and key components. IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, 34(1), 67–81.

https://doi.org/10.1109/MSP.2016.2617341

Scherer, K. R. (2003). Vocal communication of emotion: A review of research paradigms. Speech Communication, 40(1), 227–256.

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-6393(02)00084-5

Schmitt, B. (2019). From Atoms to Bits and Back: A Research Curation on Digital Technology and Agenda for Future Research. Journal of Consumer Research, 46(4), 825–832.

https://doi.org/10.1093/jcr/ucz038

Shen, A. (2014). Recommendations as personalized marketing: Insights from customer experiences. Journal of Services Marketing, 28(5), 414–427. https://doi.org/10.1108/JSM-04-2013-0083

Short, R. V. (1976). Definition of the problem-The evolution of human reproduction. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B. Biological Sciences, 195(1118), 3-24.

Solarino, A. M., & Aguinis, H. (2020). Challenges and best‐practice recommendations for designing and conducting interviews with elite informants. Journal of Management Studies.

Sterne, J. (2017). Artificial intelligence for marketing: practical applications. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN: 978- 1-119-40633-4

Von der Puetten, A.M., Krämer, N.C., Gratch, J. and Kang, S.H. (2010). “It doesn’t matter what you are!” explaining social effects of agents and avatars. Computers in Human Behavior.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2010.06.012

Voosen, P. (2017). The AI detectives. Science, 357(6346), 22–27. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.357.6346.22

Wang, L. C., Baker, J., Wagner, J. A., & Wakefield, K. (2007). Can A Retail Web Site be Social? Journal of Marketing, 71(3), 143–157.

https://doi.org/10.1509/jmkg.71.3.143


Downloads

Downloads per month over past year

Actions (login required)

View Item View Item