Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in Childhood: A Narrative Review

Hernández-Martínez, Hugo Enrique and Moya-Sánchez, Deldhy Nicolas and Ochoa-Madrigal, Marta Georgina and Rojas-Cao, Nuria Melina and Jiménez-Domínguez, Griselda Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in Childhood: A Narrative Review. Revista de la Asociación Psiquiátrica Mexicana, 2022, vol. 2, n. 4. [Journal article (Unpaginated)]

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English abstract

ABSTRACT: Introduction. Attention Deficit Disorder (ADHD), as well as any other mental disorder, has been in constant evolution since its first descriptions, the result of current evidence regarding its etiology, clinical presentation and treatment; is now defined as a neurobehavioral or neurodevelopmental disorder that is characterized by a persistent pattern of inattention and / or hyperactivity and occurs in more than one setting (for example, home, school, when with friends or other social settings) is one of the most important conditions in child psychiatric patients, with a prevalence of up to 50%. Its worldwide prevalence oscillates around 4-15% with an epidemiological impact in academic, social, and family areas, tempered by sociocultural conditions. Objective. Adequate diagnostic criteria are required for the adolescent and adult stage. The presence of comorbidity will also need to be assessed and optimal treatment provided to patients. Methods. To achieve a better understanding of the construct on ADHD, a search was carried out for the available information for a better approach to this pathology. Results. After conducting an extensive review of the literature, the authors concluded that the diagnostic criteria for ADHD should be standardized, activities aimed at detecting comorbidities, facilitating referral processes with specialists, and the education of health professionals in first and second level of care, as well as teachers and parents. Conclusions. The correct evaluation, detection, and timely referral, as well as proposing the best treatment available at the arrival of patients is essential to prevent comorbidities associated with ADHD, without forgetting that it is a disorder of multifactorial etiology and should be managed as such.

Spanish abstract

Introducción. El Trastorno por Déficit de Atención (TDAH) así como cualquier otro trastorno mental, se encuentra en constante evolución desde sus primeras descripciones, resultado de la evidencia actual en relación a su etiología, presentación clínica y tratamiento; es ahora definido como un trastorno neuroconductual o del neurodesarrollo que se caracteriza por un patrón persistente de falta de atención y / o hiperactividad y ocurre en más de un entorno (por ejemplo, el hogar, la escuela, cuando se está con amigos u otros entornos sociales) es uno de los padecimientos más importantes de la consulta psiquiátrica infantil, con una prevalencia hasta del 50%. Su prevalencia mundial oscila alrededor del 4-15% con un impacto epidemiológico en las áreas académica, social y familiar, matizado por condiciones socioculturales. Objetivo. Se requieren criterios diagnósticos adecuados para la etapa adolescente y adulta. También habrá que evaluar la presencia de comorbilidad y proporcionar a los pacientes el tratamiento óptimo. Métodos. En orden de lograr una mayor comprensión del constructo sobre el TDAH se realizó una búsqueda de la información disponible para un mejor abordaje de esta patología. Resultados. Una vez realizada una extensa revisión de la literatura, los autores concluyeron que se deben de homogeneizar los criterios diagnósticos del TDAH, reforzar las actividades orientadas a detectar comorbilidades, facilitar los procesos de referencia con los especialistas, y la educación de profesionales de la salud en primer y segundo nivel de atención, así como a profesores y padres de familia. Conclusiones. La correcta evaluación, detección y referencia oportuna, así como proponer el mejor tratamiento disponible al alance de los pacientes es fundamental para prevenir las comorbilidades asociadas al TDAH, sin olvidar que es un trastorno de etiología multifactorial y debe manejarse como tal.

Item type: Journal article (Unpaginated)
Keywords: ADHD, impulsivity, hyperactivity, attention deficit.
Subjects: F. Management. > FZ. None of these, but in this section.
Depositing user: Dr Deldhy Nicolas Moya Sánchez
Date deposited: 03 Oct 2023 21:43
Last modified: 03 Oct 2023 21:43
URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10760/44701

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