Librarians and the Nature of Expertise

Perrone, Vye Librarians and the Nature of Expertise., 2004 . In LIANZA Conference 2004: Made in Aotearoa: Learn, Network and Celebrate, Auckland (New Zealand), 5th - 8th September 2004.. [Conference paper]

[img]
Preview
PDF
perrone.pdf

Download (130kB) | Preview

English abstract

There is a large body of expertise research which has examined the differences between novices and experts. More recently however, researchers such as Bereiter and Scardamalia have been specifically looking at the differences between experience and expertise. Their research explores why some professionals become experts in their area, while others with equal experience remain merely competent. A summary of recent expertise research from the fields of education and psychology will be presented and the implications of this research for librarianship discussed. It is suggested that while knowledge is the basis of expertise, progressive problem solving is an important factor. Experts tend to be those who constantly push the boundaries of their own knowledge and skills, seeking to increase their effectiveness, rather than just their efficiency. An understanding of the nature of expertise can be used by Library managers and professional librarians seeking to improve performance.

Item type: Conference paper
Keywords: expertise theory, learning, effectiveness, efficiency, experience
Subjects: A. Theoretical and general aspects of libraries and information. > AC. Relationship of LIS with other fields .
G. Industry, profession and education. > GH. Education.
G. Industry, profession and education. > GE. Staff.
Depositing user: Vye Perrone
Date deposited: 26 May 2005
Last modified: 02 Oct 2014 12:01
URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10760/6345

References

Allard, F. & Burnett, N. (1985). Skill in sport. Canadian Journal of Psychology, 39, 294-312.

Benner P. (1982). From novice to expert. American Journal of Nursing, 82, 402-407.

Bereiter, C. & Scardamalia M. (1991). Literate expertise. In K.A. & J.Smith (Eds.), Toward a general theory of expertise: Prospects and limits. (pp. 172-194). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

Bereiter, C. & Scardamalia M. (1993). Surpassing ourselves: An inquiry into the nature and implications of expertise. Chicago: Open Court Publishing.

Berliner, D. (1994a). A model of teaching expertise. In Continuing discussions in teacher certification testing. Available online: http://www.nesinc.com/PDFs/1994_05Berliner.pdf Accessed 20/08/04.

Berliner, D. (1994b). Expertise: The wonder of exemplary performances. In John N. Mangieri

and Cathy Collins Block (Eds.), Creating powerful thinking in teachers and students (Ch.7). Ft. Worth, TX: Holt, Rinehart & Winston. Available online: http://courses.ed.asu.edu/berliner/readings/expertise.htm Accessed 20/08/2004.

Chase, W.G. & Simon, H.A. (1973). Perception in chess. Cognitive Psychology, 4, 55-81

Chi, M. T.H., Glaser, R., & Farr, M. (1988). The nature of expertise. Hillsdale, NJ: ErIbaum.

De Groot. A.D. (1965). Thought and choice in chess. The Hague: Mouton.

Dreyfus, S.E. (2004). The five-stage model of adult skill acquisition. Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society, 24, 177-181

Ericsson, K.A. (1996). The acquisition of expert performance: an introduction to some of the issues, In Ericsson, KA (Ed.), The road to excellence: The acquisition of expert performance in the arts and sciences, sports and games. (pp. 1-50). Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum.

Ericsson, K.A. & Lehman, A.C. (1996). Expert and exceptional performance: Evidence of maximal adaptation to task constraints. Annual Review of Psychology, 47, 273-305.

Ericsson, K.A. & Smith, J. (1991). Toward a general theory of expertise: Prospects and limits. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

Guest, C.B., Regehr, G. & Tiberius, R.G. (2001). The lifelong challenge of expertise. Medical Education, 35, 78-81.

Hayes, J.R. (1985). Three problems in teaching general skills. In S.F. Chipman, J.W. Segal and R. Glaser (Eds.), Thinking and learning skills: Vol. 2. Research and open questions (pp.391-405). Hillsdale, NY: Erlbaum.

King, L. & Clark, J.M. (1992). Intuition and the development of expertise in surgical ward and intensive care nurses. Journal of Advanced Nursing. 37, 322-329.

Lesgold, A.M. & Lajoie, S. (1991). Complex problem solving in electronics. In R.J. Sternberg and P.A. Frensch (Eds.), Complex problem solving: Principles and mechanisms. (pp. 287-316). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

Niessen, C., Eyferth, K. & Bierwagen, T. (1999). Modelling cognitive processes of experienced air traffic controllers. Ergonomics, 42: No.11.

Patel, V.L. and Groen, G.J. 1991. The general and specific nature of medical expertise: a critical look. In K.A. & J.Smith (Eds.), Toward a general theory of expertise: Prospects and limits. (pp. 93-125). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

Sloboda, J. 1991. Musical expertise. In K.A. Ericcson & J.Smith (Eds.), Toward a general theory of expertise: Prospects and limits. (pp. 153-171). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.


Downloads

Downloads per month over past year

Actions (login required)

View Item View Item